Psychology can help us understand ourselves and others. Discuss with Essay

Brain research can assist us with getting ourselves as well as other people. Talk about concerning two of four primary subjects. a] character, b] Intelligence, c] feelings, d] cognizance - Essay Example Cognizance is the procedure or demonstration of knowing and ready to make some judgment about it. It is expansive which incorporate a confused mental procedure including capacities like recognition, memory, learning, and critical thinking. Comprehension incorporates in excess of scarcely any components or procedures which all work to depict the way information is developed and furthermore how decisions of individuals are made. The components identified with these procedures are: seeing, perceiving, thinking, critical thinking, conceptualizing, learning, memory, and language (Scienceclarified, 2008). The individual’s capacity to fathom or the insight capacity is fundamental for a logical understanding what human conduct is about. As indicated by the examinations of different specialists, mental procedures like affiliation, review procedure, and comprehension about language depend on the physical relations or communications of individuals with their condition, rather than the body which bolsters the brain; it is essentially seeing the body as an emotionally supportive network for a psyche. Psychological structures advance from observation and activity like a product (Turing, 1950) which can run on various equipment frameworks. Human psyche can control dynamic images dependent on the connections of individuals around by means of his tactile organs just as significantly organized effectors. Wilson (2002) has six different cases about discernment: 1) insight is arranged; 2) comprehension is time forced; 3) cognizance is off-stacked onto the earth; 4) nature is a part of the intellectual framework; 5) perception is for activity; 6) a disconnected cognizance is body based. He further underlined that, sensorimotor capacities which advanced for activity just as recognition have been favored for the utilization of disconnected cognizance. Thusly, it is legitimate to state that, comprehension depends on the elements of human body and reliant with nature. Some current examinations have exhibited that perceptual just as engine

Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids Essay Example

Sustenance Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids Essay Coronary illness, CHD, has been anticipated to endure as the significant reason for high death rate for the coming decades. In accordance with this, the advancement of ischemic coronary illness was credited to the expanding level of low-thickness lipoprotein or LDL blood cholesterol. As per the National Cholesterol Education Program or NCNEP grown-up treatment board, not exactly or equivalent to 5.17 millimole per liter (200 milligram for each deciliter) is the perfect blood cholesterol level for people old enough higher than 20 years while higher than 6.21 millimole per liter or 240 milligram for each deciliter is unsafe. In association with this, around twenty nine percent of grown-ups more established than 20 years in the United States have 6.21 millimoles per liter blood cholesterol. In the interim, looks into have indicated that utilization of dietary solvent strands brings down blood cholesterol level as epidemiologic investigations uncovered that the CHD improvement can be eas ed by methods for dietary fiber utilization. Truth be told, in excess of thirty inquires about that were submitted to the Food and Drug Administration of the United States by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Report approved the viability of solvent fiber utilization on blood cholesterol decrease. Clinical investigations demonstrated that dissolvable filaments from chose gums, psyllium, oat wheat, gelatin, and oats by and large made six percent nineteen percent serum cholesterol decrease. Since the low cholesterol and low soaked fat eating routine has been utilized in hypercholesterolemia clinical treatment, this examination focused on the evaluation of industrially accessible entire grain oat, as utilized with the progression one eating regimen of the American Heart Association (AHA), in the decrease of blood cholesterol level. Philosophy This examination has enrolled fifty-seven members from past looks into upheld by the Heart Disease Prevention Clinic. While forty-six of these members have joined the mediation stage, just forty-three drive forward and suffered until the end. The members have ages in the middle of twenty-seven and sixty-eight years with 50th to 90th percentile scope of cholesterol level dependent on age and sexual orientation modifications. In the enrollment of members, people with higher than 3.39 millimole per liter of triglycerides, a body weight 30% higher than perfect, has significant medical procedure and myocardial dead tissue history, gastrointestinal ailment, shaky angina or  heart disappointment was barred structure the selection. Likewise, the individuals who were directly in taking up drugs for medicine, for example, lipid-bringing down specialists, thiazides, anti-infection agents, estrogens, corticosteriods, and progesterones were barred. In accordance with this, the individuals who w ere taking Ãÿ-adregenic blockers expected to keep up the dose of such medication during the span of the examination for them to get qualified. At long last, twenty-one men and twenty-two ladies were effectively made into the periods of this investigation. We will compose a custom paper test on Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Nutrition Implications in Complex Disease: Whole Grain Oat Cereal Lowers Serum Lipids explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The periods of the mediation plan were four-week cleaned out stage, fourteen day standard, and four-week treatment part. All through the mediation stages, the members were required to keep up weight while expending about prepared to-eat oats twice day by day inside about a month. In association with this, all members were commanded to live with the AHA step-one eating routine structure during the term of the examination. In the mean time, physiological information, for example, weight, supplement information, and lipid profiles of the members were resolved from zero to four-week benchmark. Additionally, the supplement information dependent on four-day food records were assessed by the National Coordinating Center. In the mediation plan, blending of members was done dependent on sexual orientation and passage cholesterol information, though in each pair one was alloted to â€Å"Country Cornflakes† while different has experienced the â€Å"Cheerios† diet. The previous was the control oat while the last was the wellspring of entire grain oat. Both of these grain types were delivered through oat handling hardware and each were pre-stuffed into 42.5 grams upon dispersion to the member. This was done so as to conceal the personality of the business grains utilized in this investigation. In association with this, the scientists likewise guaranteed which grain type was relegated to whom and the participants’ adherence to the utilization plan by close to home meetings and appearance. In the interim, the participants’ clinical evaluation, as affirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was done following twelve-hour and twenty-four fasts from food and mixed bev erages individually. In each visit, circulatory strain, lipid profile, heartbeat, and body weight were precisely estimated. According to this, members have experienced clinical screening, for example, urinalysis, blood tally, electrocardiogram, and physical assessment. The lipid substance of the blood gathered through sodium-potassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic was investigated in the University of Minnesota’s lab for Lipid Research Core. The high-thickness lipoprotein or HDL cholesterol, absolute cholesterol, and triglycerides were resolved. Additionally, exceptionally low thickness lipoprotein or VLDL and LDL were accelerated; Friedewald recipe was used for LDL estimation. In conclusion, the cholesterol information of the members before experiencing the treatment was measurably contrasted and their separate cholesterol information examined after the mediation stages by methods for t-tests and examinations of covariance. Results and Discussion The members in this examination were similarly isolated into two gatherings; the benchmark group got cornflakes food gracefully while the treatment bunch was benefited from entire grain oat. The two gatherings have 51.6 years as normal age of the members. Despite the fact that the gauge body weight of the treatment bunch was five kilogram lower as contrasted and that of the benchmark group, the distinction didn't make insights importance. Accordingly, there was no huge distinction on the weight record or BMI, and the pattern and post-mediation stage circulatory strain among the two gatherings. Further, individual meetings on the members uncovered that their smoking and liquor drinking propensities just as customary exercise in either bunch was kept up all through the investigation. Fortunately, complete blood tally and blood science of the members didn't change fundamentally during the investigation time frame. As far as fat utilization, the all out admission of the treatment bunch was diminished non-essentially from 56.7 grams to 51.8 grams. Additionally, the normal eating regimen changes were 11.2 milligrams per deciliter and +4.1 milligrams per deciliter for the treatment gathering and the benchmark group individually. Likewise, among the two gatherings, there was no critical contrast on the key supplements when the span of intercession stages. Aside from dissolvable fiber, there were no other huge changes regarding diet organization among the two gatherings. In the interim, entire grain oat bunch caused 3.8% and 5.4% changes on all out cholesterol and LDL cholesterol separately. As contrast and the benchmark group, the treatment bunch had a diminished of 4.4% in complete cholesterol and 4.9% LDL cholesterol. In spite of the fact that, there was no huge distinction in HDL cholesterol between the two gatherings, they had a 0.20 millimole per liter LDL cholesterol contrast. The specific component of the cholesterol decrease was as yet muddled. It was speculated that the consistency of dissolvable filaments decrease the pace of ring move in the upper gastrointestinal tract that causes low assimilation rates, less blood supplements, and changes in hormonal reactions to delimited supplements. In their hamsters study, Gallaher, Hassel, and Lee related the decrease of plasma and liver cholesterol to the expansion in the consistency of the intestinal substance. Be that as it may, thickness was regarded uniquely as a vital necessity for the decrease of serum cholesterol. In this association, it was suggested that solvent filaments ruin bile action decreasing the retention rate. This procedure discourages enterohepatic flow prompting quick change pace of cholesterol to bile acids. What's more, other compound constituent of the filaments may likewise advance this procedure. For example, tocotrienol in rice wheat, oats, and grain restrains cholesterol union. Besi des, the solvent fiber maturation produces chain unsaturated fats which thusly thwart cholesterol biosynthesis. Changes in Serum Cholesterol and Sterol Metabolites after Intake of Products Enriched with an Oat Bran Concentrate inside a Controlled Diet Presentation The United States Food and Drug Administration or FDA, in 1997, affirmed the idea concerning dissolvable fiber utilization and coronary illness or CHD hazard decrease. The serum cholesterol or S-cholesterol decrease was attributed to the solvent fiber, (1-3),(1-4) ÃŽ ²-D-glucan or just ÃŽ ²-glucan present in oats and entire oat flour. In view of clinical cases, the utilization of three grams of ÃŽ ²-glucan every day results to S-cholesterol bringing down and CHD hazard decrease. In the interim, the S-cholesterol bringing system was guessed down to rely to a great extent upon expanded bile corrosive action because of thick ÃŽ ²-glucan which thus actuates cholesterol and bile corrosive biosyntheses. The pace of cholesterol and bile corrosive biosyntheses can be followed

What to Look for in a Great Product Manager

What to Look for in a Great Product Manager In every organization, each member has a role to play. She has responsibilities and duties to carry out, and accountabilities that are unique to her person and position within the organizational structure. In a well-structured organization, it is easy to identify these roles: they each have their own titles and designation. In a manufacturing or development concern, considered to be one of the main players is the Product Manager. © Shutterstock | PureSolutionThis article invites you to 1) meet the product manager, 2) understand his role and responsibilities, 3) the basic qualitfications required for a great product manager, and 4) read about the traits of stellar product managers.MEET THE PRODUCT MANAGERFrom the job title alone, we may have an idea who a product manager is, and what her role is supposed to be. A quick Google search provides an easy to understand definition of a product manager: she is someone who communicates product vision from the lowest levels of executive leadership to development and implementation teams. Within an organization that is headed by a company CEO, she is the ruler of her own realm, or the CEO of the product.A product cannot be developed if there is no product manager to initiate its development. Based on customer demands in the market, the product manager will come up with a product vision, defining the WHY, the WHAT, and the WHEN of a product. She will then communicate the se to the product engineering or development team, which will then design and build the product. Throughout the process, the product manager will also bring in and oversee any changes that may be needed to make the process more effective. FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A PRODUCT MANAGERMany are still confused as to what a product manager actually does. We know that she is an integral part of the organization. We know that, without her, there wouldn’t be a chance for a company to come up with a product that will appeal to consumers in its target market. Author Marty Cagan said it best when he described the product manager as the person who is meant to “discover a product that is valuable, usable and feasible”.Responsibilities of a product managerLet us take a look at the responsibilities of a product manager within the organization.Identification of profitable opportunities in the market. The ever changing nature of markets means that the demands would also be subject to cha nges. It is the role of the product manager to be alert and aware of these demands, and recognize opportunities to make a profit. If she noticed a specific demand, she will then think of ways for the business to come out with a product that will meet that demand. It is the responsibility of the product manager to identify product ideas and assess their viability. These ideas can come from a lot of sources, such as the customers themselves, the competitors and their customers, industry analysts and the members of staff in the organization, belonging to the different departments.Launching of new products into the market. Whenever you see new products being officially launched in the market, you can imagine a product manager working behind the scenes, pulling all the strings. She is the one to plan how the product will be introduced, and oversee the implementation of the plan. Aside from deciding on the “right product”, the product manager will also have to identify the “right ti me” for the product. In short, she will also be the one to decide the right timing to launch a product.Monitoring of progress or performance of products in the market. Once products are already in the market, they will still require continuous monitoring, which is another role in the hands of the product manager. She is tasked to oversee these existing products, in case they may need winding down, or if they are still performing so well that they could lead to more opportunities for the company.Winding down of products that are no longer profitable. At some point, the market may no longer need that product. The decline in demand can be due to many things, such as the introduction of newer products by the company or of better products by competitors, or a general disinterest for what the product has to offer due to the passage of time. Whatever the reason is, there comes a point when a business has to concede and wind down the products, until they are pulled out completely from the market. Just as the product manager is the one to determine the timing of when a product will be launched, she will also be the one to decide when a product has to wind down from the market.Development of customer relationships. Wait, isn’t this the responsibility of the marketing team? Why should the product manager have anything to do with it? Keep in mind that the customers are buying the products, which means that the product manager is still a stakeholder in this whole relationship.A product manager manages products, not the people. She may lead the people in her team, but she will not manage them. Notice that the product manager’s responsibilities pertain mainly on the product itself. After all, she is the brain behind the product, so she is the one with the heaviest responsibility in the entirety of the product life cycle. It goes without saying that the success of a product is on her shoulders; the profit and loss of the product is her responsibility. Functions and task s of a product managerIn order to carry out her responsibilities, we can list down several tasks or functions that a product manager has to perform on a regular basis. The product manager is always busy. Contrary to what many may perceive, the job of a product manager does not begin with just launching a product, and neither does it end when a product has already been launched in the market.Research. The life of a product manager involves a lot of research and information-gathering. She is the one who will actively go out and communicate with customers, as well as prospective customers, in the market. You will also find them conducting surveys and usability tests, and the market data they have gathered will then be analyzed in order to make informed and intelligent decisions regarding product management.Documentation. Product managers are also responsible for keeping files and records relevant to the product, such as complaints and compliments. There are also other relevant usable d ocumentation that are required, pertaining to the business, the market, and the product. Basically, any documentation that will have an impact on the product is relevant to the product manager.Communication with customers. As product managers are also responsible for developing customer relationships, she should communicate and interact with them through various means available. Product managers today are lucky, since there are a lot of means or avenues of communication that they can use apart from meeting with them face to face. They could communicate and collect feedback via email or telephone, or they can connect using social networks, blogs, or online forums and communities.Communication with other departments within the organization. A product manager is also seen as a bridge connecting the different departments that are directly and indirectly related to the product. She acts as a cohesive glue bringing Product Design, Product Engineering and Development, Operations/Production , Marketing, Sales, and Customer or After-Sales Service together.[slideshare id=54405562doc=productmanagementoct2015-151026222030-lva1-app6891w=640h=330]BASIC QUALIFICATIONS OF A PRODUCT MANAGERAn individual must have met at least these basic requirements in order to be qualified as a product manager. What separates a regular product manager from a great one, however, are the “extras”, or the characteristics or traits that they can bring to the table. So you want a smart product manager? Then you will probably check out what business degree she has earned, and from what school or institution she earned it from. You may even take a look at her other credentials and applicable certifications.But aside from the requisite educational achievements, you have to take into account the following:Basic knowledge about the company, the market and its elementsA product manager should know the company/business, the customer, the product, and the competitors. This knowledge may be acquired th rough research and other learning efforts of the individual, or through experience.Good communication skillsThe product manager has been described as someone who communicates, and even called “a bridge”. Therefore, she should have good communication skills â€" both written and oral. She should be able to express herself clearly and fully through speaking and writing. Product managers are expected to make presentations and participate in speaking engagements. Thus, they should have confidence and skills to be able to stand in front of a group of people to deliver these presentations. In addition, they are also expected to write communications, correspondences, product narratives, essays, reviews, and the like.Conversational skills are equally important, since they are needed in internal communication, such as speaking with the members of the product team, and other staff members of the company.Technical know-howIt is simple enough: You want to build something? Then you should kno w how it will be built. You want to make a product? Then you should know how it will be made.Given how business and production is now technology-driven, some companies require product managers to be updated on applied technology. They might not be experts just like the engineers and designers are, but having basic knowledge is still required. This skill may be acquired through learning and experience.Time management skillsAll managers should have good time management skills; this is a given. Being able to differentiate the important stuff from the less important ones, and prioritizing them in order of relevance and urgency is also required from product managers. One cannot be an effective, much less great, product manager if they do not know how to manage time, and end up having fatigue and burnout from their job.You may be under the impression that, as long as they meet the basic requirements, they can become product managers. That may be true at first glance, but we are talking ab out great product managers here, not just your ordinary product manager.TRAITS OF A GREAT PRODUCT MANAGERBehind every great product is a great product manager. If you want to have a great product â€" one that will set you apart from the competition and bring you ahead of the pack, particularly in terms of profitability and growth, you have to make sure you have a great product manager first. After all, the creation of a great product begins with him.Relying solely on paper qualifications or the basics is not going to be enough, considering the fact that being a product manager requires judgment, and lots and lots of insights. What are the characteristics or traits that you should look for in a great product manager?Must have an understanding of the marketA great product manager understands the market. This includes an understanding of the customers, the competition and the other forces that affect the performance of a product in the market.Customers and the Target Market. She should have the ability to empathize with the target market, taking into consideration their differences in values, perceptions, priorities, expectations and experiences. The ability to put themselves in their customers’ shoes is something that not all product managers can do, but anyone who can is definitely on the road to greatness in product management.Product or Offering. She should have a deep understanding of the product: how it works, what its strengths are and, of course, what its weaknesses are.Competitors. Product managers will be surprised at how much they will learn (and improve) just by keeping a close eye on their competitors. Just by observing competitors’ products, you will be able to identify demands and opportunities for new products, or for improvements of your existing products.Must have passion for the productA great product manager understands the product. In fact, she should actually use the product. It is a classic case of practicing what you preach, or “walk ing the talk”. You cannot expect to sell a product to customers when you cannot even be convinced to use it yourself on a regular basis.As product manager, you will be representing the product team and the product across the company. You are going to be the product’s champion; therefore, you have to be naturally passionate about the product. You have to love it. And one way of showing that is by using it.In addition, the product maanger should be knowledgeable about lean analytics for driving forward the product. Must have the ability to inspire the members of the product teamThis is one of the offshoots of having passion for the product. If you are passionate about it, and you love it, you will feel motivated about promoting it and advancing it. In so doing, you will be able to inspire everyone in the product team so that they, too, will develop passion for the product.The role of a product manager within the organization is almost evangelical, in the sense that she will be ext olling the great things about the product to other members of the team, and the organization so that they, too, will have faith in it and passion for it.Must have great leadership skillsDo not forget that a product manager is a manager. And all managers are leaders. Thus, you should look for a product manager with very good leadership skills. Are they able to work with different types of people and lead them accordingly? What is their tolerance level for mistakes, and how do they solve problems? What is their approach in leading the members of their team?Part of being a great leader in a product team is being able to work with the rest of the team. They should also be open to the opinions and ideas of the product team members and empower them, instead of having all the solutions. The product manager should also be familiar with the members of the team, meaning she should have a basic understanding of the fields that each of the team members is working on.Disagreements and difference s in opinions are also bound to happen in a team. The product manager should be able to deal with these issues immediately, without causing more problems and widening gaps or rifts among and between team members.Must have good marketing skillsKnowing one’s way around marketing is a definite advantage for a product manager. She is going to be working with marketing people, such as press people, media practitioners, and market analysts, especially when she has to conduct product launches or stage product-related events. This goes hand in hand with having good communication skills.Must have a strong work ethic and integrityBeing a product manager is not an easy task. There are a lot of heavy responsibilities involved, with them requiring commitment, effort, hard work, and integrity. The ability of an individual to exercise these in the course of the performance of their job as a product manager will no doubt be an asset to the company as a whole.A good product manager should also hav e the ability to work well with senior management or company executives. This is because she will not be able to continue her work in product development without the support from the executives.

What Is a Hypertonic Solution

Hypertonic refers to a solution with higher osmotic pressure than another solution. In other words, a hypertonic solution is one in which there is a greater concentration or number of solute particles outside a membrane than there are inside it. Key Takeaways: Hypertonic Definition A hypertonic solution is one which has a higher solute concentration than another solution.An example of a hypertonic solution is the interior of a red blood cell compared with the solute concentration of fresh water.When two solutions are in contact, solute or solvent moves until the solutions reach equilibrium and become isotonic with respect to each other. Hypertonic Example Red blood cells are the classic example used to explain tonicity. When the concentration of salts (ions) is the same inside the blood cell as outside of it, the solution is isotonic with respect to the cells, and they assume their normal shape and size. If there are fewer solutes outside the cell than inside it, such as would happen if you placed red blood cells in fresh water, the solution (water) is hypotonic with respect to the interior of the red blood cells. The cells swell and may burst as water rushes into the cell to attempt to make the concentration of the interior and exterior solutions the same. Incidentally, since hypotonic solutions can cause cells to burst, this is one reason why a person is more likely to drown in fresh water than in salt water. Its also a problem if you drink too much water. If there is a higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell than inside it, such as would happen if you placed red blood cells in a concentrated salt solution, then the salt solution is hypertonic with respect to the inside of the cells. The red blood cells undergo crenation, which means they shrink and shrivel as water leaves the cells until the concentration of solutes is the same both inside and outside the red blood cells. Uses of Hypertonic Solutions Manipulating the tonicity of a solution has practical applications. For example, reverse osmosis may be used to purify solutions and desalinate seawater. Hypertonic solutions help to preserve food. For example, packing food in salt or pickling it in a hypertonic solution of sugar or salt creates a hypertonic environment that either kills microbes or at least limits their ability to reproduce. Hypertonic solutions also dehydrate food and other substances, as water leaves cells or passes through a membrane to try to establish equilibrium. Why Students Get Confused The terms hypertonic and hypotonic often confuse students because they neglect to account for the frame of reference. For example, if you place a cell in a salt solution, the salt solution is more hypertonic (more concentrated) than the cell plasma. But, if you view the situation from the inside of the cell, you could consider the plasma to be hypotonic with respect to the saltwater. Also, sometimes there are multiple types of solutes to consider. If you have a semipermeable membrane with 2 moles of Na ions and 2 moles of Cl- ions on one side and 2 moles of K ions and 2 moles of Cl- ions on the other side, determining tonicity can be confusing. Each side of the partition is isotonic with respect to the other if you consider there are 4 moles of ions on each side. However, the side with sodium ions is hypertonic with respect to that type of ions (another side is hypotonic for sodium ions). The side with the potassium ions is hypertonic with respect to potassium (and the sodium chloride solution is hypotonic with respect to potassium). How do you think the ions will move across the membrane? Will  there be any movement? What you would expect to happen is that sodium and potassium ions would cross the membrane until equilibrium is reached, with both sides of the partition containing 1 mole of sodium ions, 1 mole of potassium ions, and 2 moles of chlorine ions. Got it? Movement of Water in Hypertonic Solutions Water moves across a semipermeable membrane. Remember, water moves to equalize the concentration of solute particles. If the solutions on either side of the membrane are isotonic, water moves freely back and forth. Water moves from the hypotonic (less concentrated) side of a membrane to the hypertonic (less concentrated) side. The direction of the flow continues until the solutions are isotonic.

The United States And Native Americans Essay - 1300 Words

The history between Native Americans and Americans is harsh. Native Americans have been pushed off of their land by Americans and put into smaller reservations. The united states have enforced a number of treaties trying to better the relationship but it has oppressed Natives. Recently the united states were plaining to build an oil pipeline that would run through native land and the native Americans did not want the pipeline to be built. So this created more tension between the two. History of Treaties between the United States and Native Americans From the year of 1778 until about 100 years later in 1871, the United States government has been trying to lower the tension and heal their relationship with many Native Tribes by making treaties. Throughout the hundreds of years and hundreds of treaties that were negotiated between the two nations of the U.S. and the Native American nation. Basically the treaties were to make the Native Americans citizens of their tribes while living in the U.S. boundaries. Through these treaties being made the Native Americans basically gave up all there rights from hunting, to living on parcels of the land and trading goods. But the United States did not take all of the land away they gave them small amounts of land to use for tribe use Thomas Jefferson saw that the white settlers wanted the land and would be difficult to give white settlers land if the Native Americans continued their current way of life. Thomas Jefferson in 1803,Show MoreRelatedNative Americans And The United States Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesand early Americans have pushed away Native Americans. Natives were not only thrown into an unknown land, but were also killed in large numbers while changing their culture trying to fit in. The United States was nothing but rude to these people who owned the land centuries before the first Englishman ever stepped foot in America. The United States destroyed these societies to shreds without ever really giving them a good chance to live among the Americans. I believe the United States should haveRead MoreNative Americans And The United States1443 Words   |  6 PagesMany people think that the African-Americans are the most oppressed group of people ever in the United States. That may be true based on t he quality of oppression, but not the length of this type of treatment. The Native Americans have been the most oppressed group of people ever in the United States, and even in the colonies that preceded the US. From the early 16th century until even today, the Native Americans were and are being oppressed in this country. The cause was because of colonizationRead MoreNative Americans And The United States991 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States as we know it, since its beginning has been based on immigration. Native Americans traveled during the Ice Age through the Bering Strait and English settlers sailed the Atlantic. Due to unknown reasons, most of the Native societies except for the Aztecs collapse before the arrival of the Europeans, which gives shine to the English settlements since their attainment set the roots of our society today. More importantly, it should be recognized the diverse cultures of English settlersRead MoreNative Americans And The United States873 Words à ‚  |  4 Pageshow they helped to shape what is now American history. To think that when settlers first came to the new land native americans made up one hundred percent of the population but now are roughly only one percent of the total population is very disappointing to see. 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When the English came to this area of America to settle, they became very fond of Squanto and used him as a translator due to his unique knowledge of the English language acquired through an earlier voyage to Europe. Squanto helped the Pilgrims adapt to their new surroundings by providing them with the knowledge that he and his ancestors used to survive when they firstRead MoreEssay Native American Relations with The United States4012 Words   |  17 PagesNative American Relations with The United States What were the significant treaties, policies, and events that defined US Government and Native American Relations? How did the Native American respond to these treaties, polices, and events historically? How did these treaties, policies, and events affect the subsistence, religion, political, and social structures of the Native American people? I will answer these questions through the examination of two centuries of US history in six timeRead MoreEssay on Native Americans vs the United States of America1956 Words   |  8 PagesTimes were very hard for Native Americans during the mid to late 1800s. The reasons for their afflictions could only be blamed upon the United States of America. For thousands of years, Native Americans had roamed around the Americas. There had also been many tribes spread across the West that fought between each other in order to have their land.1 It wasn’t until after reconstruction in the United States, that the white Americans started having ordeals with the Native Americans. The main tribes involvedRead MoreThe Great Impact On Native American Nation And The United States Of America1767 Words   |  8 Pagesdisagreements, disrespect, feuds, or even over the smallest of matters. For example, one of the biggest feuds in American history that just ended recently was between the Hatfield’s and McCoy’s. This just shows you how petty, ignorant, and uncivilized we as a people can become. However, the greatest and most crucial feud of all was between the entire Native American Nation and the United States of America. This war of hate and disrespect towards tribes of people and their culture is uncalled for and has

Types Of Media Advertising On Business Essay - 1093 Words

Types of media advertising There are nine types of media advertising. They are: 1. Direct mail advertising Direct mail advertising is one of the most oldest and traditional form of advertising. In this method, the content or the message which has to be delivered to the buyer is sent by post by the seller. It is not necessary that the buyer and the seller should be in different places in order to follow this type of advertisement. This process contains a lot of procedures and steps which the seller has to take care of. He has to prepare a mailing list, circular posts, circular letters, should keep folders and calendars, etc. the seller has to furnish all the information and the message has to be conveyed properly. The post should be effective and attractive and should create interest in the minds of the buyer about the product to buy the product. The seller can also attach catalogues and booklets which gives detailed information of the product, its uses and also the price of the product. The direct mail is very effective since it establishes a direct contact with the customer and helps to maintain privacy between the buyer and the seller. 2. Print advertising Print advertising mainly relates to the newspapers and magazines. It is also called as press advertising. Since newspapers are the oldest, effective and also a powerful platform for advertising, many companies opt for newspaper advertising. Almost every house subscribes for newspapers and advertising in newspapers willShow MoreRelatedMcbride Financial Services Marketing Plan1373 Words   |  6 Pagesstate area of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, and South Dakota.† (University of Phoenix, 2005, 2011, para. 2). 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Business Strategy Applies to Military or Management

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy for Applies to Military or Management. Answer: Introduction: There is no common accepted definition of what exactly a strategy is, as applies to military or management, but it applies to nearly every aspect of human life. Strategy is a set guideline for your thought processes, decision-making and actions so that goal can be accomplished. It is a plan to overcome the identified problems through a series of methods and calculated plans that uses all ones intelligence resources and tactics combined to emulate the series of methods to overcome all the challenges to achieve the desired result.(Porter, What is strategy?, 1996). Porters main idea is that the strategy is a unique and valuable position involving in different set of activities. Strategic position emerges from three distinctive sources first serving few needs of many customers, second serving board needs of few customers and last serving board needs of many customers in a narrow market. Strategy is often confused with a set of goal, a tactic to achieve victory or a problem identified. Go als should not be confused with planning strategy; a goal is a vision of the future not a series of process that you can execute your vision through. For example, Googles goal is to organize the worlds information and it has made strategies like developing products like google glasses, Gmail, YouTube, etc. all these are product that came out of the strategy that was aimed at organizing the worlds information. Goals are just wishful visions while strategy is used to reach the goal. The most common confusion is between tactic and strategy. Tactics are just small manoeuvres to win battles but they do not help to win the war. A suitable example to explain this would be: suppose you are planning to lose ten pounds and you start eating healthy foods. But one day a bakery opens near you and the smell tempts you to visit the bakery. So before visiting the baker you eat a healthy portion of salad to avoid having more portions in the bakery, but the portion keeps you full so you decide to not visit the bakery anyhow. So you won the battle of not visiting the bakery that day but you still did not win the war of losing ten pounds. A detailed plan on how you are going to overcome an obstacle can be laid out as a good battle tactic but a detailed plan on how you are going to overcome the obstacle to achieve your goals is a good strategy. (Tzu) A good strategy has clearly defined goal, helps us to understand the competition in the environment, a clear picture of the available resources and also an efficient plan to implement the strategy. Well some of the tools needed I order to draft a successful strategy are: Plan: we need to start with understanding some of the implications of the industry and how to analyse the industry and primarily use porters five forces. Positioning: How well can you position yourself in the particular industry and at which position are you at the particular moment? Competitors: how can you analyse your competitors and are their available tools to understand better potential actions that the competitors will be using? Resources: How can you figure out which resources will be required for your industry? Well these four sections will deal with the business level analysis but of course as many corporations consist of different businesses and there are some aspects we will get through if we understand the diversifications and internationalization.(Porter, 2008) Business Model Innovation Business model innovation is the process of improving new ideas that helps in improving a companys financial stability, goal ad mission, and execution process in carrying those ideas to fulfillment. Business Modeling is regularly seen as procedure to revamp the building squares to an inventive plan of action. What individuals overlook is that a plan of action is the building arrangement of your business as well as ought to offer response to the inquiry "Why ought to your business exist from a client point of view?" So a plan of action is a building arrangement as well as how you offer intending to your clients and your representatives. (Ovans, 2015) The essential objective Business Model is to understand that there are new products or services that improve the income of a company and also add value to the product that the consumer is currently using. The advanced and growing age has turned into an opportunity for plan of action development, likewise innovation of new products and services have significantly changed how organizations work and present their products and services to clients. This breakthrough has shortened lifecycles of products and services and has also allowed for monetary achievement. The worldwide commercial has also changed the requirement for plan of action developments, as organizations must prepare themselves to stiffer universal rivalry and the environmental uncertainty. These elements are driving organizations to stay focused and encourage development in the aggressive worldwide commercial center.(Netessine, 2014) Apple is a wonder example of the Business Model Innovation done in beginning of mid-2000s. From selling MACs it increased its presence to other devices, for example, the iPod, iPhone and iTunes. For instance, the iPod and was a leap that would help the downloadable music industry, while the iPhone was a breakthrough in the cell phone market. Netflix is another case of this sort of business development. Therefore, as we can see, business model plays a critical role in the process of innovation, it can be used as a leverage by companies to improve upon its existing range of products and services. Bibliography Dunung, M. A. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/3158?e=fwk-168388-ch10_s04 Netessine, K. G. (2014). Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2014/07/four-paths-to-business-model-innovation Ovans, A. (2015, January 23). Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2015/01/what-is-a-business-model Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? Retrieved from https://hbr.org/1996/11/what-is-strategy# Porter, M. E. (2008, January ). Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2008/01/the-five-competitive-forces-that-shape-strategy Tzu, S. (n.d.). Art of War.

The Basic Roles of a Music Publisher free essay sample

The role of the music publisher has evolved over the years, for many music companies, it has become nothing more than a banking operation, and for some, this is at the cost of innovation and passion. But what is the role of a music publisher today? We shall discover†¦ What is the music publisher’s role? In Ann Harrison’s Music: The Business, she explains that a music publisher’s role can be split into three simple steps: 1. To issue licenses to people who want to use music. 2. To actively look for ways to use music (i. e. putting it in an advert/film soundtrack). 3. To collect the income from those licenses and uses. Before elaborating on these three steps, we must first acquaint ourselves with the basic terminology that comes with dealing with a music publisher: The first thing everyone in the circle must understand is the meaning of copyright: * COPYRIGHT is a protection that covers published and unpublished works. We will write a custom essay sample on The Basic Roles of a Music Publisher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It exists at the point of creation, arising automatically. The copyright work, however, must exist in material form, for example, that of a recording or sheet music. * Helen Gammons, The Art of Music Publishing. Copyright subsists throughout original music, artistic, literary and dramatic works; it also subsists in sound recordings, cable programs, broadcasts, film and typographical arrangements of published editions. A copyright in a musical or literary work lasts for 70 years from the end of the calendar year in which the author/writer dies. If it is a co-written work, then the copyright is in effect until the previous terms are met by the last surviving copyright owner. In a publishing deal/contract, there are six main commercial terms to look out for. They are as follows: * TERRITORY focuses on what countries the deal covers (although most deals are worldwide). * TERM refers to the duration of the deal. If it is an exclusive deal (see below), then all compositions created during the term are within the conditions of the deal. * MINIMUM COMMITMENT underlines the amount of work/songs written, for the writer to meet the deal’s minimum requirements. An example would be (for a non-artist songwriter) – â€Å"five 100% controlled songs (or an ultimate percentage equivalent) released on an approved UK label in each contract period†. This means that a writer could co-write, having 50% ownership of the song, but if this is the case, the writer would have to accumulate the lost 50% on another song. * ADVANCES are the pre-payment of your share of gross income from your songs. This is not a loan, and will not need to be repaid if you leave the deal. The size of the advance will depend on previous earnings/success, the potential earnings, competition, and how much control you have over the album. ROYALTIES are the earnings of the exploitations of your songs from which your advance will be deducted. A typical split in an exclusive deal would be 25% publisher, 75% songwriter. A typical split from a record deal can be around 15%/85% to 20%/80% (record company/songwriter). * RETENTION PERIOD is the length of time after which the writer deal (term) has expired, that the copyrights now spend with the music publisher for them to recoup their advance and make money for the writer. This period can be as short as three years, t o as long as ‘life of copyright’. Step 1 is normally done in conjunction with the collection societies, which is a non-profit organization that represent the interests of publishers, record companies, authors and performers, but the one for music publishers and songwriters (UK) is called the PRS (Performing Right Society). This collection society is specifically for composers, songwriters and music publishers and bears the responsibility of administering the public performance and broadcasting rights of music and lyrics. The PRS is a UK company, and it represents over a million foreign music copyright owners via its affiliation with other collection societies overseas. When you join with the PRS, there is a small joining fee (of which, is constantly changing) and you basically assign your performing rights to the PRS. There is a small criteria to fulfill in order to join the PRS and that is that you have your music either being broadcast on the radio/TV, or it is being performed live. The music publisher will be esponsible for registering your (and now, their) material with the PRS (and collection societies all around the world – this may just require the songwriter to fill in a form and file it with the society, and sometimes it requires a recording and a written copy of the music and lyrics aka. ‘lead sheet’). Step 2 involves the publisher finding uses for the songwriter’s music. The most typical way (if the writer is not an artist) is to find an artist to perform, record and release the song, this works significantly well if a high rolling artist expresses an interest – it could be life-changing. Another brilliant method of getting your music heard is through music synchronisaton or ‘syncing’ – this is when a piece of music is laid over a piece of video to enhance the viewing experience. When songs are ‘synced’, it is a win-win – the video production company benefit from having a professional composition on their video, and the writer and publisher benefit from their music being heard. For example: if you write a contemporary ballad, it might be their prerogative to look into music synchronization in a television drama (e. g. he close of a Grey’s Anatomy episode), or an easy listening acoustic folk song for an advert aimed at the younger audience. Syncing can span across all different kinds of media such as film, radio and video-gaming too. Step 3 of the publisher’s role is to claim his and the writer’s earnings from aforementioned endeavors from the collection societies (briefly touched upon in step 1). If the musi c publisher is on a grander scale, then it is likely that he/she will have companies in many major countries internationally, along with only a few independent music publishers (such as PeerMusic) with a similar system. Smaller music publishers will not have adequate resources to fund such an elaborate scheme, so they appoint local publishers to represent their interests there (sub-publishing; see below). There are four basic types of publishing deals, these are listed below: * ADMINISTRATION DEAL – If you are a songwriter with a vast collection of songs that could potentially earn a viable amount of money, but you don’t have the time or the wherewithal to self-publish by registering with collection societies and managing the role of royalty tracking yourself. Under this agreement, the publisher possesses the right/license to administer said composition/s, but this is not the same as copyright. They can permit/license the use of said songs within different realms of media such as recordings, tapes/CD’s, television (series/adverts), film/DVD etc. , and collect royalties from all music users. This is usually for a specified period of time (term), more often than not around the span of three to five years, and in return for this service, the publisher will negotiate an ‘administration fee’ ranging (usually) between 10% 15% of the gross income earned during the negotiated ‘term’. Certain advantages of this deal are more control over songs, no pressure to deliver a specific amount of material, you keep your copyrights (unless there is good reason for you not to), you can request to be consulted on any controversial use of your material, whether it be associated with violence or simply inappropriate. Disadvantages of this deal would be no advances. * SUB-PUBLISHING DEAL – The sub-publishing deal is for the artist that does not wish to assign all copyright, but does wish the publisher to find new ways of making an income off of their material (songs). This deal consists of transferring ownership of copyright, but there is no general statistic, deals/decisions are made on a case-by-case basis. An advance isn’t out of the question, but it would be contingent on how much of the rights are being handed over to the publisher; that being said, any advance would be small as the reduced assignment of rights means the publisher will not be earning as much compared to an exclusive deal, for example. A sub-publishing deal is an appealing choice for smaller publishers who wish to operate abroad, and they can do this without having to set up a company overseas; instead, they use an overseas company to execute the right to use some or all of the rights in the specified country. * SINGLE SONG ASSIGNMENT – This deal is restricted to a single song, with which the publisher will be assigned the rights of the song and find as many uses for the song as possible. Because it’s a small deal, it is easier to estimate and exploit it’s earning potential, and depending on that, a small advance will be distributed and all the usual accounting and licensing will be carried out. The term of rights can be negotiated; you can either assign the rights for life, or you can arrange a ‘rights period’. Your control over the song’s exploitation may be small – to prevent the publisher being hindered in making money from the song – but you will have an acceptable level of control in terms of lyric changes and commercial usage. EXCLUSIVE PUBLISHING AGREEMENT – This is probably the most important deal, as for every songwriter, this stage in their career is a definitive one. As Ann Harrison explains in Music: The Business, getting an established publisher behind them in this circumstance means that they have arrived, that someone else has faith in their work and is prepared to put money and commitment behind t hat conviction. Under this agreement, the songwriter agrees to assign the rights of all compositions (songs) written during a certain time-frame (aka. Term agreed upon with the publisher). An example of a usual term is two years from a specified date or one year (with four conditional options). You are guaranteed a percentage share of the income earned on songs during, and usually a proviso for weekly or monthly payments (contingent on the scale of which your agreement is drafted). The weekly/monthly payments made to the writer are treated as ‘advances’ , which will ultimately, be recouped from the songwriter’s future royalties. These royalties will be made from record sales, downloads, sheet music, music synchronization, television, film, video-gaming etc. he advantages of this sort of deal is that of stability – the writer is guaranteed a more reliable and steady income as opposed to some previous deals, as the advances help financially while the royalties (which take six months to one year to reach the writer after they have been transacted) are processing. In addition to these deals, newly-founded ‘music companies’ have scour ed the planes looking for other innovative ways to grasp the sources of revenue made by their recording artists. Such deals like the ‘360-degree’ deal or the ‘multiple rights’ agreements, are such methods labels have taken to using, to recover from the losses in the record industry. * THE 360 ° CONCEPT – In The Music Management Bible, Nicola Riches explains that the record company’s rights would traditionally be restricted to the artist’s recordings and (in order to facilitate the exploitation of those recordings) the ancillary rights described above. In recent years, record companies have shown a predatory interest in other areas of their artists’ activities. This trend has been driven by the concern with breaking in new artists; when traditionally, upon signing a new artist, the record company will bear the financial brunt of the investment that is required. Obviously, this works well for the record company if there is an acceptable level of return from record sales, but in this day and age, record says are declining in favour of digital downloads and the invasion of music piracy. This means that the record companies need to recuperate this loss via other means, as the investment is no longer justified when considering the anticipated return. This means that if the record companies are to make a similar investment in artists, they must find some way to increase the return in compensation of this shortcoming. Due to this shift, many artists doubt that they can ever expect to recoup/make enough/much money from record sales, but they need the drive and exposure of the machine that is an established record company to effectively promote their record, concert tickets and/or merchandise. In response to this, record companies have presented the idea that if they are to invest in a record, then it wants a ‘cut’ out of the income of the artist’s related activites. â€Å"In it’s ‘pure’ form the 360 ° concept involves the record company gaining an entitlement to all of the artist’s services in the music business; this would extend to live performance, songwriting, merchandising, sponsorship and so on. † – Nicola Riches, The Music Management Bible Just as with recording deals, music publishing is too suffering changes in the way it is viewed/perceived by smaller operators. Many managers and smaller record labels have expressed an interest in handling publishing rights due to the current changes in the way artists are utilizing music, and the way people are experiencing music. Since the emergence of the ‘digital era’, many shifts in the music industry seemed necessary, one specific change would be the economic repositioning of record labels and music publishers; when before, record labels would develop and promote artists through financing the creations and distributing artists’ recordings, while the music publishers’ roles were to exploit the rights in and to musical compositions. When something as revolutionary as the digital market changes the way the consumer experiences music, it also changes the way the industry’s cogs tick. This is where the seas part between the label and the publisher, because unlike labels, music publishers are not so tightly beholden to the sale of prerecorded music and they are more prepared to adapt to the changing ways in which consumers can obtain and listen to music. Many of the sources from which publishers can collect revenue are: * Public performance Synchronisation of songs (in connection with audiovisual works) * So-called ‘print rights’ (sheet music copyright) * Mechanical reproduction of songs on CD’s/digital downloads When a typical income stream for music publishers is mechanical royalties, and when those mechanical royalties are declining due to the piracy movement, publishers find themselves too, looking for other innovative ways to make this loss back somehow, alongside becoming more effici ent at collecting these royalties and running their companies. Music publishers have begun to take on some of the roles originally only executed by record companies, such as providing studio time for their budding artists to record demos, and some even go as far as to provide financial support to artists when out on tour, or even for basic promotion or press coverage. The reason for this is to give the artist a boost northwards and to help in ways that might be shortcoming of a record label these days. A new method of copyright was issued in recent years when EMI (Electric and Musical Industries) were one of the first publishers to implement song lyrics onto merchandise such as T-shirts, key-rings, mugs, etc. the importance of licensing songs in video has increased too, with many publishers improving/strengthening their synchronization departments. With the existence of independent publishing companies like Kobalt, which have revolutionized the way publishers operate, publishers are striving to become more efficient, and to handle things such as royalties more effectively and systemically.

Target Performance Evaluations †Business Research Paper (200 Level Course)

Target Performance Evaluations – Business Research Paper (200 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Target Performance Evaluations Business Research Paper (200 Level Course) Performance evaluations are one of the most important tools employers can use to reward, train and critique their employees. At Target, this is no exception. Target evaluates its executive staff twice a year, once for money and bonuses, and another for sheer training and direction. I passed out the assigned survey to three of my peers; Marta Mcgough, Todd Rigler and Matt Clarey. In the paragraphs below I will discuss their responses along with my personal feeling toward the questions. First you must understand Target’s evaluation system. Target executives are graded on their personal leadership skills as well as store performance numbers including sales and budget goals as well as turnover and profitability. I like to think of it like this. A high store profitability number will get you more bonus and raise while a high leadership score will get you promoted. Obviously, a high score on both is optimal. For the first question: I received a timely performance appraisal. All takers, including myself, of the survey strongly agreed that Target is in fact timely in its appraisal system. As stated above, all executives should receive a performance evaluation twice a year, a mid year review, for no money, on May 31st, and a review for monetary bonuses and raises on Nov 31st. These timeframes are strictly adhered to by corporate and of the four people taking the survey, no one had ever received a review late. For â€Å"I received a fair performance appraisal†, myself and 2 other stated that we agreed, while one said disagree. The main reason stated by all for the lack of 100% support was that we as a team are graded for the sales performance of the building. No matter how well we do our job, inevitably the amount of product that people purchase in the building over the course of the year will greatly affect our raise. This brings a certain amount of unfairness to the process. A low performing executive in a high performing building has the potential to get just as good of review as an executive that is considered high potential. The only possible rectification for this problem would be to cease have store performance numbers on reviews and just have personal goals and qualifications. On the question of â€Å"My performance appraisal results were what I anticipated†. Again, all of us of were of one accord in strongly agreeing. Target does a fantastic job of not only constant feedback from supervisors, but also an incorporated tool called the Diagnostic tool kit. The DTK is an evaluation tool on line that summarized weekly the store performance numbers and breaks down individual executives review scores. By viewing this form that updates on Wednesdays, you can see how your review would be if you got it immediately, and how your week, month and quarter numbers look. 1.I received a timely performance appraisal. Strongly Agree/Agree/Disagree/Strongly Disagree 2.I received a fair performance appraisal. Strongly Agree/Agree/Disagree/Strongly Disagree 3.My performance appraisal results were what I anticipated. Strongly Agree/Agree/Disagree/Strongly Disagree 4.My performance appraisal was measured against my job description/duties/expectations. Strongly Agree/Agree/Disagree/Strongly Disagree 5.I was provided recommendations for improvement during my performance appraisal. Strongly Agree/Agree/Disagree/Strongly Disagree Research Papers on Target Performance Evaluations - Business Research Paper (200 Level Course)Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalStandardized TestingOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Case Analysis - Essay Example The whole point behind sponsoring a person is because of the recognition he or she has and that recognition helps them to sell their goods. It was also mentioned that when Dwyane Wade showed his skills during the 2005 playoffs, his converse contract was revised from $500,000 to 10 million dollars. This shows that converse is mainly depending on his performance and based on his performance his popularity and fan following at large. The risk involved in this kind of partnership is the player performance. He cannot assure that he will keep on performing. Rather this factor can never be constant. There are ups and downs in sports. So once the performance level of Dwyane Wade falls, his fans will start decreasing and so will his popularity. This in return will affect the sales of all the products being promoted through him. This is the main risk factor associated with this case. However this issue cannot be stopped or avoided. The companies need to be careful before doing big investment r elated to

Excel Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Excel Project - Essay Example In the graph provided below, it illustrates that the sales trend of the company is increasing. The trend in the sales growth of the company is rising from the August 2004 and dips down on March, April and July 2005. The sales peaked at $115,000 in the May 2006. Please note that the data for June 2006 is incomplete where it comprises only of three days data and it shall be disregarded. This is the reason for the sales decrease in June 2006. The sales strategies employed for 2006 is effective as illustrated by the big increase in sales from January 2006. The strategies utilized, such as discount levels, must remain consistent in order to assure the growth in sales performance of the company. It is recommended that the company consider developments in new product lines and/or expansion in the global market in order to further increase revenues. The highest performing country is USA where it generated 19% of the total net revenues of the company. This is followed by Germany at 18%, Austria at 10% and Brazil at 8%. The rest of the countries comprise less than 50% of the total net revenues of the company. The lowest performing country is Poland and Norway which generated less than 1% of the total revenues of the company. The company might consider focusing on the top 10 performing countries in order to exploit the buying power of the consumers. Focusing on lesser number of locations would create a more effective and efficient organization. It would minimize operations and logistics costs while increasing the marketing and distribution allocations. The countries with minimal growth shall be given up in order to free up the company’s resources. The top performing product category for the company is the beverage product. It has performed better from other categories for the year 2004 and 2006 while it is second category for 2005. The other performing products are dairy products followed by

Case Analysis Hershy Food Company Marketing Essay

Case Analysis Hershy Food Company Marketing Essay The evolution of global chocolate industry presents many interesting details. Chocolate industry on a global scale is a huge. Chocolate, given its tempting qualities is a huge marketable product for many reasons. Hence, the industry itself is huge we can speculate. As we are aware, chocolate is made out of cocoa seeds. In the initial periods, chocolate was expensive to be manufactured. It was only after the industrial revolution in Europe that a remarkable shift in chocolate industry can be seen. Chocolate also comes in a variety of taste. (Allen, 2010 , p. 21)According to the international cocoa organization, chocolate industry on a global scale is a multi-billion industry. During the year 2006 chocolate industry and manufacturer made tremendous gains from sale. Some of the forerunner or top manufacturing companies in accordance to their sales during 2006 were Hershey Foods Corporation, Mars Inc, and Cadbury Schweppes PLC who topped the list. (ICCO) During 2002 and 2001, the chocolate industry can be concurrently be classified in terms of their sales itself. According to the report available with IOCC, it is mentioned that during the year 2000/2001, the world cocoa industry witnessed a remarkable jump in terms of their share, be it production, consumption and sales. Most importantly, for year 2000/2001 production of world cocoa or chocolate was estimated to be 2,825,000 tonnes. (ICCO, Annual Report for 2000/2001 , 2001 , p. 13) However, for the year 2008/2009, which is the last available report published by ICCO, cocoa production was estimated to be 3.5 million tonnes. (ICCO, Annual Report 2008/2009, 2009, p. 3) From these data we can assume that world chocolate industry is a huge business globally. Hence, it would be interesting to analyze the case also related to Hershey Food Company, a chocolate manufacturing giant, which is discussed as follows. Hershey Food Company: Performance Audit Report 2002 and 2011 Starting the year 2002, Hershey Food Company faced many challenges. Some challenges that were brought to the notice of the audit board were competition from competitors, namely Nestle and Mars that has increased manifold. The global market shares of Hershey Food Company also fell sharply during the said year. Another challenge facing the company CEO then was the factor covering value enhancing to its customers worldwide. As the case is, competition from Nestle and Mars are such that it gave a sense of fear for the company management and its board of director. Hence, the company report that came henceforth was to make a strategic shift to enhance its products, which necessarily raise a question of investment. In that regard, what the company CEO then in the year 2002 recommended was to include realignment plan of US$275 as a shift towards reduction of the workforce in the company that will go towards voluntary compensation. Such a plan was really for a company that is known to have been a people champions for long enough. Yet it was probable, and the case can be looked to the declining market share and unpredictability, given the fierce competition from Nestle and Mars. As reported by ICCO, Hershey Foods Company for the year 2005 was dismal to say so, given that it an annual sale was estimated to be US$ 4881 million dollars, four places below its competitors namely, Nestle, Mars, Cadbury and Ferrero. (ICCO, The Chocolate Industry ) So considering these developments the voluntary realignment plan was a necessity felt the company CEO, Richar d H, Lenny. Audit that was carried out for the year 2001 to 2011 brought into face the many unknown facts and figures about Hershey Food Company. The investigation carried out by Attorney general brought to the notice the most unfamiliar case. What is interesting to note is that audit carried out in the company shows that majority of shares in the company was owned by single large shareholder. This is very unlike and came as a surprising factor for auditors as well given the complexity in shareholder and their ownership, besides the links of the company to many charitable initiatives, which posed many questions for auditors. Somewhat Hershey Food Company represents a community shareholder. This is what the audit report showed about Hershey Food Company. Then Strategic Development from 2001 to 2011 The strategic development starting March, 2001 till September, 2002 saw many proposals being raised in a span of one year as a factor to push the sales and revenue generation initiatives of the company. Given the board of director meeting it was figured that Lenny, who was the CEO of the company then and his management styles, was not received by the company stakeholder properly. It is said that Lenny management was somewhat out of the boundary, which brought to fore disagreement amongst employee and co-managers in the company. In March 2002, the company strategic team decided to explore upon the sales factor of the company, however, the company CEO was reluctant and was trying to seek alternative to such a decision being made. As a matter of fact, competition also the market was not only posing many pressure on the company management, but also brought into contention the test of time that raised a conflict amongst stakeholder and director of the company. Such happening was a pre-cursor to the overall episode encompassing Hershey Food Company. The conflict of idea and recommendation regarding sales objectives between the board of the company and the trust was really interesting to note. Part of the strategic development from 2001 to 2011 also saw many forms of protest, within and outside the company management realms. Such case is sad indeed for a company of repute. The development that came about also somewhat show an increase of 10% sales for Hershey Food Company in 2002, that also in a span of 3 months under the leadership of Lenny, the company CEO. The success in that regard was accorded to the cost cutting measure initiated by Lenny in context of the realignment plan. However, somewhat the case of conflict as can be seen is that the vision of Lenny and that of the company founder was not match-able in any regard. Such development in parts within Hershey Food Company and its strategic development starting the year 2001 to 2011 brought into contention the very conflict that is reported between the trust and board of directors, which is central to the issue facing the company at the most critical time, and reason enough for the conflict to erupt. Board Meeting Outcome Given the audit that was developing in the company, sales of the company was brought to an injunction or ban by a panel of judges. However, following the year 2002 during September, the injunction was cleared and granted. This development saw the introduction of Candy Swoops Slices in 2003, which was listed by Productscan as the most innovative product of the year itself. Following the board meeting, the outcome also saw the acquisition of Joseph Schmidt by Hershey Food Company in 2005. (Malhotra, 2009, p. 395) Company Status Today The company status today as we have maintained earlier is one amongst the major manufacturers of global chocolate. Many innovative products were introduced by Hershey Food Company in a span of five years. Moreover, to gain its market share lost to its competitors, Hershey Food Company decided to become a fearless product innovator. These somewhat paid dividends, which brought Hershey Candy Slices Swoops which was received highly in the market. (Malhotra, 2009, p. 395) Hence, today Hershey Food Company is a major competitor in the chocolate industry. The battle for the company was won in actuality, and today Hershey and Mars are fighting for the number spot in the global industry, which to some analysts is a $73 billion industry annually. (Malhotra, 2009) Hence, these figures itself present many interesting facts about Hershey and where it stands today after the internal turmoil since 2001. Recommendation What we learned from the case study and its analysis is that governing issue was one formidable background that can be read and make out. Given the presence of huge number of shareholders in the company and unbending management further ignite the pressure that the company is facing. Hence, it is recommended that corporate govern ace of the company should:- Be held by a body of authority that is designated to take decisions and dismantle complex issues in organized way. Bring into contention effective leadership. Finally, production and Operational Management overall should be streamlined for enhanced process of the company. SWOT Analysis of Hershey Food Company Hershey main strength as can be analyzed lies with its innovative approach to introduce products that are to the taste of consumers. In the history of the company, advertising also have been the main strength that Hershey [posses to outdo its competitors. Being a chocolate manufacturing giant, Hershey the board also was one factor which posed many dangers for the company. For instance organizational weakness was one feature overall of Hershey. Yet the opportunities for the company lays within the competitive leader that the company has strive for many years. Given that Mars is on the number spot the factor of it also presents Hershey with an opportunity like never before to reclaim its place as the number one manufacturer in the industry. Yet the threat was always there, and recurring as can be seen to the stiff financial audits and leadership of Lenny, which to the boards is not a feasible one as far as Hershey Food Company strategy goes.

Propaganda :: essays research papers

Bush and Cheney: Propaganda In A Over-Confident Way What does the word propaganda really mean? For most of us we assume that it is a word for negativity use. Just to assure those that think of propaganda as a negative word. Propaganda does have a positive objective if used correctly. The word propaganda is defined in a few different ways, But in the most general usage, it varies from bad to good persuasion of our minds. It is used during election time to our daily lives on television to our newspaper stands. According to Donna Cross’s essay, â€Å"Propaganda: How Not to Be Bamboozled,† there are thirteen different types of propaganda; this paper will discuss six varieties. George W. Bush and Dick Cheney used primarily every sort of propaganda to influence the citizens; therefore, our national society needs to develop awareness in the propaganda used by such politicians so that they can make wise decisions intelligently. One of the thirteen propaganda divisions is glittering generalities. â€Å"This propaganda method involves correlating a person or idea with words of positive meaning and feelings (Cross 527-28).† President Bush states, â€Å"our national courage has been clear [ . . . ] by confronting problems instead of passing them on to future generations† (Address, par. 21). Instead, one needs to examine what is Bush’s strategy really about? Do the citizens think that Bush will just turn around and listen to them instead of following his strategy? Does Bush have a kind heart to affiliate such caring feelings for the American people? During the speech that the Vice President gave on February 15, 2001 he stated, â€Å"It is not for us to wait on events but to act. And we will act on principle. We are going to stand for responsible [ . . . ]. They see a future when the world is at peace, promoting the values of the human rights and freedom all around the world. That statement certainly attempts to struggle with one’s emotions. What specifically are these words striving to reveal to the American people anyway? Is he mentioning them only to obtain future support? What does principle or responsibility really mean? Surely these words sound outstanding, but one needs to ask, if I take out the glittering words what is the value of the idea itself? Getting caught up in the words and feelings illustrated by them happens easily, making the actual intent behind them disfigured.

Obesity and Calories Essay

But you also know that most diets and quick weight-loss plans have about as much substance as a politician’s campaign pledges. You’re better off finding several simple things you can do on a daily basis — along with following the cardinal rules of eating more vegetables and less fat and getting more physical activity. Together, they should send the scale numbers in the right direction: down. 1. Once a week, indulge in a high-calorie-tasting, but low-calorie, treat. This should help keep you from feeling deprived and binging on higher-calorie foods. For instance: †¢ Lobster. Just 83 calories in 3 ounces. †¢ Shrimp. Just 60 calories in 12 large. †¢ Smoked salmon. Just 66 calories in two ounces. Sprinkle with capers for an even more elegant treat. †¢ Whipped cream. Just 8 calories in one tablespoon. Drop a dollop over a bowl of fresh fruit for dessert. 2. Treat high-calorie foods as jewels in the crown. Make a spoonful of ice cream the jewel and a bowl of fruit the crown. Cut down on the chips by pairing each bite with lots of chunky, filling fresh salsa, suggests Jeff Novick, director of nutrition at the Pritikin Longevity Center & Spa in Florida. Balance a little cheese with a lot of salad. 3. After breakfast, make water your primary drink. At breakfast, go ahead and drink orange juice. But throughout the rest of the day, focus on water instead of juice or soda. The average American consumes an extra 245 calories a day from soft drinks. That’s nearly 90,000 calories a year — or 25 pounds! And research shows that despite the calories, sugary drinks don’t trigger a sense of fullness the way that food does. . Carry a palm-size notebook everywhere you go for one week. Write down every single morsel that enters your lips — even water. Studies have found that people who maintain food diaries wind up eating about 15 percent less food than those who don’t. Plus: 8 Kitchen Cabinet Makeovers for Weight Loss 5. Buy a pedomete r, clip it to your belt, and aim for an extra 1,000 steps a day. On average, sedentary people take only 2,000 to 3,000 steps a day. Adding 2,000 steps will help you maintain your current weight and stop gaining weight; adding more than that will help you lose weight. 6. Add 10 percent to the amount of daily calories you think you’re eating, then adjust your eating habits accordingly. If you think you’re consuming 1,700 calories a day and don’t understand why you’re not losing weight, add another 170 calories to your guesstimate. Chances are, the new number is more accurate. 7. Eat five or six small meals or snacks a day instead of three large meals. A 1999 South African study found that when men ate parts of their morning meal at intervals over five hours, they consumed almost 30 percent fewer calories at lunch than when they ate a single breakfast. Other studies show that even if you eat the same number of calories distributed this way, your body releases less insulin, which keeps blood sugar steady and helps control hunger. 8. Walk for 45 minutes a day. The reason we’re suggesting 45 minutes instead of the typical 30 is that a Duke University study found that while 30 minutes of daily walking is enough to prevent weight gain in most relatively sedentary people, exercise beyond 30 minutes results in weight and fat loss. Burning an additional 300 calories a day with three miles of brisk walking (45 minutes should do it) could help you lose 30 pounds in a year without even changing how much you’re eating. 9. Find an online weight-loss buddy. A University of Vermont study found that online weight-loss buddies help you keep the weight off. The researchers followed volunteers for 18 months. Those assigned to an Internet-based weight maintenance program sustained their weight loss better than those who met face-to-face in a support group. Plus: 15 Foods You Should Never Buy Again 0. Bring the color blue into your life more often. There’s a good reason you won’t see many fast-food restaurants decorated in blue: Believe it or not, the color blue functions as an appetite suppressant. So serve up dinner on blue plates, dress in blue while you eat, and cover your table with a blue tablecloth. Conversely, avoid red, yellow, and orange in your dining areas. Studies find they encourage eating . 11. Clean your closet of the â€Å"fat† clothes. Once you’ve reached your target weight, throw out or give away every piece of clothing that doesn’t fit. The idea of having to buy a whole new wardrobe if you gain the weight back will serve as a strong incentive to maintain your new figure. 12. Downsize your dinner plates. Studies find that the less food put in front of you, the less food you’ll eat. Conversely, the more food in front of you, the more you’ll eat — regardless of how hungry you are. So instead of using regular dinner plates that range these days from 10-14 inches (making them look forlornly empty if they’re not heaped with food), serve your main course on salad plates (about 7-9 inches wide).

The Modern Police Force Of The United States - 983 Words

Research: Police Officers â€Å"The modern police force not only provided an organized, centralized body of men legally authorized to use force to maintain order, it also provided the illusion that this order was being maintained under the rule of law, not at the whim of those with economic power,† argues Dr. Gary Potter, author of The History of Policing in the United States, Part 2 published in 2013. Police Officers wanted to maintain peace, low crimes, and violence throughout their communities. Most importantly, they wanted to uphold safer living environments. Potter (2013) defines social control as crime control and was accomplished by raising the specter of the â€Å"dangerous classes.† It was said, the idea that policing should be directed toward â€Å"bad individuals,† rather than social and economic conditions that are criminogenic in their social outcomes. Although policing had always been a reactive enterprise, occurring only in response to a specific criminal act. Its centralized and bureaucratic police departments also focused on the alleged crime-producing qualities of the â€Å"dangerous classes† which began to emphasize preventative crime control. Although, crime fighting has taken its toll, consequently, the role of the police has become more important than ever before, and there would be chaos in the society without police, according to Maulin Joshi (N.D.), author of â€Å"What are the Functions of the Police?† In the same sense, police are primarily responsible for theShow MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Law Enforcement Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity to maintain safety and order. Normally during that time, protection and social control were the major responsibility of that group. In that time, people requested the eldest and strongest males of the tribes to take part in the first security force of community for survival (Rainer and Librett 1089). 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